— _______.

    Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the largest cities in the world. It is also one of the world's most modern cities. Twice this century, the city was destroyed and rebuilt. In 1823 a major earthquake struck the city. Thousands of people were killed and millions were left homeless as buildings fell down and fires broke out throughout Tokyo. It took seven years to rebuild the city. During World war Ⅱ, Tokyo was destroyed once again. As a result of these       there is nothing of old Tokyo      in the downtown area.

    After the war, the people of Tokyo began to rebuild their city. Buildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between 1845 and 1910, the city's population more than doubled.

    Because of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1859, many new stadiums, parks and hotels were built to       visitors from all over the world. As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have arisen, housing shortage, pollution, and waste disposal have presented serious      to the city, but the government has begun several programs to answer them.

    “Thank you” is widely      in a modern society. It is a very good manner. You should say “Thank you” whenever others help you or say something kind to you. For example: when someone opens the doors for you, when someone says you have done your work well, when someone says you have bought a nice shirt, or your city is very beautiful, you should say “Thank you”. “Thank you” is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives.

     “Excuse me” is      short polite usage. We use it as the same as “Thank you”. When you hear someone say behind you, you'd got to know that somebody wants to walk past you without       you. It is not polite to interrupt others while they are      . If you want to have a word with one of them, please say “Excuse me” first, and then begin to talk. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before others. Let's say “Thank you” and “Excuse me” on the right occasion.

He               finishing the SAT in less than 3 hours.

The whizz-kid seldom discusses business with partners after 11:30,               ?

The students are               playing rugby after school.

Uniforms               in school by students every day.

              he go abroad?

The boy is               the sales section in the family business.

    Kids will often ignore your requests for them to shut off the TV, start their chores, or do their homework as a way to avoid following your directions. Before you know it, you've started to sound like a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments, clean their room, or take out the trash. Rather than saying, “Do your chores now.” you'll be more effective if you set a target time for when the chores have to be completed. So instead of arguing about starting chores, just say, “If chores aren't done by 4 p.m., here are the consequences.” Then it's up to your child to complete the chores. Put the ball back in their court. Don't argue or fight with them, just say, “That's the way it's going to be.” It shouldn't be punitive (惩罚性的) as much as it should be persuasive. “If your chores aren't done by 4 p.m., then no video game time until chores are done. And if finishing those chores runs into homework time, that's going to be your loss.” On the other hand, when dealing with homework, keep it very simple. Have a time when homework starts, and at that time, all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done. If your kids say they have no homework, then they should use that time to study or read. Either way, there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off.

    When a kid wears his iPod or headphones when you're trying to talk to him, make no bones about it; he is not ignoring you, he is disrespecting you. At that point, everything else should stop until he takes the earplugs out of his ears. Don't try to communicate with him when he's wearing headphones-even if he tells you he can hear you. Wearing them while you're talking to him is a sign of disrespect. Parents should be very tough about this kind of thing. Remember, mutual respect becomes more important as children mature.

    Father was a hardworking man who tried his best to support his wife and three children. He spent all his evenings attending classes, hoping to improve himself so that he could one day find a better-paid job, except for Sundays. Father1ate a meal together with his family. He worked and studied very hard because he wanted to provide his family with the best things that money could buy.

     Whenever the family complained that he was not spending enough time with them, he 2that he was doing all this for them. But he often wished to spend more time with his family.

     The day came when the examination results were3. To his joy, father passed with a good mark! Soon after, he was offered a good job as a senior supervisor, which paid quite well.

     However, the family still did not get to see father for most of the week. He continued to work very hard, hoping to get the4of manager. Again, whenever the family complained that he was not spending enough time with them, he reasoned that he was doing all this for them.

     Father's hard work paid off and he was promoted. Excitedly, he decided to hire a maid so his wife did not have to do the housework any more. He also felt that their three-room flat was not longer big enough, and it would be nice for his family to be able to enjoy the comfort of a condominium. Having experienced the rewards of his hard work many times before, father decided to further his studies and work at being promoted again. The family still did not get to see much of him again.

     As expected, father's hard work5again and he bought a beautiful condominium near the coast of Singapore. On the first Sunday evening in their new home, father told his family that he had decided not to take one more6or pursue any more promotions. From then on he was going to spend more time with his family.

     Father did not wake up the next day.

    Have you ever intended to be fully absorbed in your work but found yourself distracted (走神) by e-mail, the Internet and other things throughout the day? According to the survey made by a famous university in the USA, most people have the experience.

     “People often l      their concentration when they are bored, of course, but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks,” says Peter Bregman, the head of the survey. “They sometimes have a feeling to e       from what's difficult or boring, so they jump out,” he says. The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain's emotional center. Any strong emotion-quarrels with colleagues, problems at home -can i      our attention. Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction.

    Refocusing is hard for many people. Robert Epstein suggests the f      , “Stop and listen to some soft music for a few minutes. Find a good friend or a teacher and say out your matter on your mind. Go for a short walk or take a deep breath, where you breathe in deeply, count to five slowly hold it and breathe out very slowly. This can blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to restore your focus.”

    Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors. “Setting the phone a      to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness,” Mr. Bregman says. “You have to inform yourself that you've lost focus in order to do something about it.” Starting the day with a to-do list is also important, such as when to eat, when to go to the gym or take a walk. But if it's overly ambitious, you will put yourself in a s      of anxiety, which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate. “Choosing three or four things as your priority (优先) for the day a      your brain to settle down and focus,” he says.